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Trash Bins

Thursday, June 10th, 2010

A waste container is a container for temporarily storing waste, and is usually made out of metal or plastic. Common terms are dustbin, rubbish bin, litter bin, garbage can, trash can, trash bin, dumpster, waste basket, waste paper basket, waste receptacle, container bin, bin, kitchen bin, trash barrel, and rubbish barrel. The words “rubbish”, “basket” and “bin” are more common in British English usage; “trash” and “can” are more common in American English usage.

Curbside dustbins
The curbside dustbins usually consist of three types: trash cans (receptacles often made of tin, steel or plastic), Dumpsters (large receptacles similar to skips) and wheelie bins (light, usually plastic bins that are mobile). All of these are emptied by collectors, who will load the contents into a garbage truck and drive it to a landfill, incinerator or consuming crush facility to be disposed of. The standard sized UK wheelie bin household collection is 240 litres.

In some areas there is also a recycling service, often with one or more dedicated bins intended to receive items that can be recycled into new products. These bins are sometimes separated into different categories (usually represented by colours) which determine what materials can be inserted into the bin. The contents of the bins are taken to a recycling plant to be processed, and there are various systems for recycling bin collection: single bin combined stream systems, multiple bin systems, and cyclic collections with different materials collected on different days.

Bins in public areas
Certain public areas such as parks have litter bins which are placed alongside paths frequently walked by visitors. This encourages people to avoid littering, which creates an unhealthy and aesthetically unpleasant social environment.

Bins in outdoor locations or other busy public areas are usually mounted to the ground or wall. This discourages theft, and also reduces vandalism by making it harder for someone to physically move or maneuver the bins; to spill their contents on the ground for example, or to use the bin as an effective weapon to hit people over the back with.

In the past terrorists have left improvised explosive devices in bins. The bomb is much less likely to be spotted than an unattended bag and the metal bins provide extra shrapnel that injures people nearby when it detonates. For this reason there are no bins in most railway stations, most airports, and many shopping centres in the United Kingdom, or if they are provided they are just a bin bag hanging from a metal loop.

A Danish design company called Peoples ApS, have in cooperation with Swedish based Dynasafe AB, developed a “bombproof” bin suitable for public places. The bins were successfully tested at Saab Bofors test center, an independent third party, using the maximum amount of explosives specified for the particular design.
Garbage bin attatched to wall at a school.

Apartment buildings often have two dust flumes in which residents can dispose of their trash in stainless steel trash cans. These chutes usually lead to some large receptacle or complex in the basement

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Toy Block

Friday, May 14th, 2010

Toy blocks (also building bricks, or simply blocks), are wooden, plastic or foam pieces of various shapes (square, cylinder, arch, triangle, etc.) and colors that are used as building toys. Sometimes toy blocks depict letters of the alphabet.

History
1693: Alphabet Nursery Blocks were originally developed in 17th century England. The philosopher John Locke, in 1693, made the statement that “dice and playthings, with letters on them to teach children the alphabet by playing” would make learning to read a more enjoyable experience.

1798: Witold Rybczynski has found that the earliest mention of building bricks for children appears in Maria and R.L. Edgeworth’s Practical Education (1798). Called “rational toys,” blocks were intended to teach children about gravity and physics, as well as spatial relationships that allow them to see how many different parts become a whole.

1820: The first large-scale production of blocks was in the Williamsburg area of Brooklyn by S. L. Hill, who patented “ornamenting wood” a patent related to painting or coloring a block surface prior to the embossing process and then adding another color after the embossing to have multi-colored blocks.
1850: During the mid-nineteenth century, Henry Cole (under the pseudonym of Felix Summerly) wrote a series of children’s books. Cole’s A book of stories from The Home Treasury included a box of terracotta toy blocks and, in the accompanying pamphlet “Architectural Pastime.”, actual blueprints.
2003: National Toy Hall of Fame at the Strong Museum, inducted ABC blocks into their collection, granting it the title of one of America’s toys of national significance.

Educational benefits
•    Physical benefits: toy blocks build strength in a child’s fingers and hands, and improve eye-hand coordination. They also help educate children in different shapes.
•    Social benefits: block play encourages children to make friends and cooperate, and is often one of the first experiences a child has playing with others. Blocks are a benefit for the children because they encourage interaction and imagination. Creativity can be a combined action that is important for social play.
•    Intellectual benefits: children can potentially develop their vocabularies as they learn to describe sizes, shapes, and positions. Math skills are developed through the process of grouping, adding, and subtracting, particularly with standardized blocks, such as unit blocks. Experiences with gravity, balance, and geometry learned from toy blocks also provide intellectual stimulation.
•    Creative benefits: children receive creative stimulation by making their own designs with blocks.

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Flying Trapeze

Thursday, May 13th, 2010

The flying trapeze is a specific form of the swings in which a performer jump from a platform with the trapeze so that gravity makes the trapeze swing.

The performance was invented in 1859, by a Frenchman named Jules Leotard who connected a bar to some ventilator cords above the swimming pool in his father’s gymnasium in Toulouse, France. After practising tricks above the pool, Leotard performed his act in the Cirque Napoleon (now known as the Cirque d’hiver). The traditional flyer’s costume, the leotard, is named after him.

In a traditional flying trapeze act, flyers mount a narrow board (usually by climbing a tall ladder), and take off from the board on the fly bar. The flyer must wait for a call from the catcher to make sure he or she leaves at the correct time. Otherwise the catcher will not be close enough to the flyer to make a successful catch. The flyer then performs one of many aerial tricks, and is caught by the catcher, who is swinging from a separate catch bar. Once in the catcher’s hands, the flyer continues to swing, and is thrust back toward the fly bar in a maneuver called a “return”. A return could consist of some kind of twist back to the bar, an “angel” (when the catcher holds the flyer by the feet and one arm), or any other trick that a flyer can think of to get back to the bar. Once back to the fly bar, the flyer can return back to the board, and another flyer takes a turn.

Although many people define a flying trapeze act as an act involving two trapezes and a catcher, as of 2008 many innovative styles of flying trapeze have been performed in circuses all over the world like Cirque Du Soleil, the Flying Farfans, and the Flying Caceres. Cirque Du Soleil’s La Nouba features a bar to bar flying trapeze act, and Cirque Du Soleil’s Corteo presents a high-flying act quite similar to flying trapeze, but without bars. The flyers fly from one catcher to another in an innovative adagio-influenced aerial act. Still other flying trapeze acts focus on high-flying aerial tricks from the flyers, but perform their release tricks to the net, rather than to catchers.

In the early years of young Mr. Leotard’s performances, the flying trapeze did not have the safety net as is typically seen today. He would perform over a series of mattresses on a raised runway to give the audience a better view of his tricks or “passes.”

Most modern flyers start out wearing a safety harness, while a trainer on the ground controls the lines and will pull them if the flyer is in a dangerous situation. Pulling on the lines will suspend the flyer in the air, and letting go of the lines slowly will bring the flyer to the ground safely. Once a flyer has mastered a particular trick, they will take off the safety harness. Every safe flying trapeze rig will always have a large net underneath the rig. It should be noted that many flyers in the circus do not start out using safety belts. Those flyers who are not wearing safety harnesses learn how to fall safely into the net in case they miss a catch or unexpectedly fall off the bar or off the catcher.

Several risky flying trapeze acts have been performed without safety nets in earlier circus days, but it would be rare to find this kind of act today, as most flying trapeze acts are performed between 20 and 40 feet above the playground.

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Artificial Grass

Tuesday, May 4th, 2010

Many people desire the yearly-green grass lawns in their back yard. However, it is not everyone can afford the time, energy and money to keep their grass looking fresh and robust, because it is really an time and money- consume work.

The upkeep of robust green grass demands massive amounts of time, effort, and money. It’s hardly surprising, then, that even the wealthy have decided it’s time to find a better way to enjoy green grass in the back yard or on the front lawn.

if you cannot or do not want to spend so much time and money on it, it could be worth thinking about replacing it entirely. Particularly people with children, or those who like to use their gardens for sporting activities and need the grass short at all times, will benefit from the addition of artificial grass in place of the real thing.

Comparing to the real grass, artificial grass are super to them.

Firstly, artificial grass is lasting, which is the most outstanding feature of artificial grass. Different from real grass, which cannot be heavily used and will wither in fall and winter, artificial grass can afford you years of green.

Secondly, time and money save. It is very low maintenance. As the grass does not grow, there is no need to waste time cutting it and, instead, the garden can be enjoyed immediately both aesthetically and in practice.

Thirdly, convenient. No mud to be deal with. During inclement weather, real grass can provide you mud on your shoes and make your floors dirty. Artificial grass is definitely super to real grass, as there is no mud; it is neat, clean and dirt free.

You need not to provide any special care to the artificial grass, but artificial grass can provide you large pleasures.

First, comfort. The comfort artificial grass can afford you is not inferior to real grass. It is as soft as the real ones.

Second, safety. It may be what you focus the most attention to when you choose artificial grass for you backyard. The right choice for an aesthetic garden provides the best safety measures for your children. This is especially realized when you have large number of kids playing or little children (toddlers) running around. With the rubber top of the artificial green grass, you are assured that your children will not be injured due to the fall on the grass when they are playing.

Third, relaxation: Surrounding yourself with a fresh green lawn is actually a proven way of relieving stress and improving your moods.

With these merits, artificial grasses as a kind of mats,  have already become the new cosset among people. You will be surprised at how often you sit outside, enjoying the comfortable green with your family and friends.

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Usage of Trampolines

Saturday, April 24th, 2010

There are two generic types of trampoline, competitive and recreational

Competitive
The frame of a competitive trampoline is made of steel and can be made to fold up for transportation to competition venues. The trampoline bed is rectangular 428 cm (approx. 14 feet) by 214 cm (approx. 7 feet) in size fitted into the 520 cm x 305 cm (17′ x 10′) frame with around 110 steel springs (the actual number may vary by manufacturer). The bed is made of a strong fabric, although this is not itself elastic; the elasticity is provided only by the springs. The fabric can be woven from webbing, which is the most commonly used material. However, in the 2007 World Championships held in Quebec City, a Ross (or “Two-String”) bed, woven from individual thin strings, was used. This type of bed gives a little extra height to the rebound.

Recreational
Recreational trampolines are less sturdily constructed than competitive ones and their springs are less strong. They may be of various shapes, though most are circular, octagonal or rectangular. The fabric is usually a waterproof canvas or woven polypropylene material.

As with competitive trampolines, recreational trampolines are usually made using coiled steel springs to provide the rebounding force. New Zealander Dr. Keith Vivian Alexander of the University of Canterbury designed a trampoline that replaces the springs with cantilevered pultruded fibreglass rods to provide the rebounding force. This spring-free design allows the steel jumping frame to be placed below the jumping plane, ostensibly improving the user’s safety.

Mini-trampolines
A mini-trampoline (also known as a trampette, jogging trampoline or exercise trampoline) is a trampoline less than one metre in diameter and about a foot off the ground, often kept indoors and used as part of a physical fitness regime. So-called rebounding provides a form of exercise with a low impact on knees and joints. Mini-trampolines do not give a rebound as high as larger recreational or competitive trampolines.

Educational use
In co-operation with the University of Bremen and the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the machtWissen.de Corporation from Bremen, Germany developed the weightlessness demonstrator “Gravity Jumper” based on a trampoline. Due to the acceleration during the jump, an acceleration force takes effect in addition to the usual gravitational force. Both forces add up and the person on the trampoline seems to become heavier. As soon as the jumper leaves the trampoline, he is under a free fall condition. Physically speaking, gravitation and inert force compensate completely, which means that the jumper is weightless. Every person receives a three-axis acceleration sensor, fastened to them with a belt. The sensor transmits the data of the flight path to a monitor; a monitor shows the course of the acceleration, including the zero gravity phase. The interplay of acceleration and microgravity becomes apparent.

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